{"id":3775,"date":"2021-04-29T08:24:37","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T06:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/?p=3775"},"modified":"2023-12-16T11:37:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T10:37:07","slug":"chataigne-ou-marron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/2021\/04\/29\/chataigne-ou-marron\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e2taigne ou Marron ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La langue fran\u00e7aise est surprenante, les mots qui la composent d\u00e9signent souvent plusieurs choses, parfois fort \u00e9loign\u00e9es les unes des autres.\u00a0C\u2019est ce qui fait tout son charme !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Premi\u00e8re confusion, entre le Ch\u00e2taignier commun (Castanea sativa<\/i>) et le Marronnier d\u2019Inde (Aesculus hippocastanum<\/i>).<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les fruits de ces deux arbres distincts peuvent porter le nom de marron, mais ils n’appartiennent pas \u00e0 la m\u00eame famille botanique.<\/em><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le\u00a0Marronnier\u00a0d’Inde, dit\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0marron de cheval\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0ou\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Marronnier\u00a0blanc\u00a0\u00bb, produit des fruits\u00a0non comestibles. Il est utilis\u00e9 en pharmacop\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/p>

La bogue\u00a0reste verte,\u00a0couverte de petits pics \u00e9pars et peu ac\u00e9r\u00e9s. Elle contient,\u00a0en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral,\u00a0un seul fruit,\u00a0gros et rond.\u00a0<\/p>

Sa feuille est compos\u00e9e de\u00a0sept\u00a0folioles.\u00a0C\u2019est un arbre exotique\u00a0utilis\u00e9\u00a0en horticulture que l\u2019on ne trouve que dans les parcs et les jardins, plant\u00e9s par l\u2019homme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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User:Kilom691, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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User:Kilom691, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le Ch\u00e2taignier commun est un arbre class\u00e9 dans la famille des fagac\u00e9es. Devenu end\u00e9mique, on le retrouve \u00a0d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat naturel dans les for\u00eats et les vall\u00e9es c\u00e9venoles.\u00a0<\/p>

Ses feuilles\u00a0sont pleines et allong\u00e9es, tr\u00e8s dentel\u00e9es sur le bord du limbe.\u00a0<\/p>

Ses bogues tr\u00e8s \u00e9pineuses, deviennent jaune brun \u00e0 maturit\u00e9. Elles\u00a0contiennent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral trois fruits, parfois plus. Dans une m\u00eame bogue, en fonction de la pollinisation, certains fruits peuvent se d\u00e9velopper plus\u00a0que d\u2019autre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Deuxi\u00e8me confusion : chez Castanea sativa <\/i>on distingue deux types de fruits : la ch\u00e2taigne et le marron.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reprenons depuis l\u2019explication pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, la bogue \u00e9pineuse contient trois fruits. Chaque fruit (ch\u00e2taigne) est compos\u00e9 :<\/p>

\u2022 d\u2019un p\u00e9ricarpe, peau marron brillante, parfois velue, non adh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la graine<\/div>
\u2022 d\u2019une peau fine ocre rose, adh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la graine que l\u2019on appelle le \u00ab tan \u00bb<\/div>
\u2022 d\u2019une graine \u00e0 chair blanche, beige ou l\u00e9g\u00e8rement jaun\u00e2tre.<\/div>

Le tan peut selon la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u2019immiscer \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du fruit, parfois jusqu\u2019\u00e0 couper la graine en portions. On qualifie de marron, les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de\u00a0ch\u00e2taignier dont la production donne en majorit\u00e9 des fruits non cloisonn\u00e9s (moins de 12% des fruits de la production). Les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s qui ne\u00a0correspondent pas \u00e0 ce crit\u00e8re gardent le nom de ch\u00e2taigne.<\/p>

Attention !!!\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Ce n\u2019est pas une caract\u00e9ristique de qualit\u00e9 gustative, mais plut\u00f4t une caract\u00e9ristique de qualit\u00e9 pour l\u2019industrie. Un fruit non\u00a0cloisonn\u00e9 se brisera moins quand on le manipulera.
Il y a de bons et de moins bons marrons, de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on qu\u2019il y a de tr\u00e8s bonnes ch\u00e2taignes et d\u2019autres moins go\u00fbteuses.
En C\u00e9vennes, P\u00e9legrine<\/a> et Dauphine<\/a> sont class\u00e9es comme marrons alors que Coutinelle<\/a>, Figarette<\/a> et M\u00e9jeanne<\/a> sont des ch\u00e2taignes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Troisi\u00e8me confusion : confiture de ch\u00e2taignes et cr\u00e8me de marrons<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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 Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019un abus de langage. La diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux produits est t\u00e9nue, elle tient au taux de fruits pr\u00e9sents dans la pr\u00e9paration.
D\u2019apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 85-872 du 14 ao\u00fbt 1985 relatif aux confitures, gel\u00e9es et marmelades de fruits et autres produits similaires, la cr\u00e8me de marron est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant \u00able m\u00e9lange port\u00e9 par cuisson \u00e0 la consistance appropri\u00e9e de sucre et de pur\u00e9e de marron\u00bb. Le produit doit \u00eatre compos\u00e9 d\u2019au moins 380 g de pur\u00e9e de marron (fruit du ch\u00e2taignier Castanea sativa<\/i>) pour 1000 g de produit fini, soit un taux de sucre de maximum 62 %. On peut lui adjoindre de la vanille, mais on ne doit pas y ajouter d’eau.
La confiture, d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du verbe confire, est pr\u00e9par\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de fruits cuits, de pulpe ou de pur\u00e9e de fruits cuits avec du sucre et de l\u2019eau. Le sucre doit repr\u00e9senter entre 45 et 65 % de la pr\u00e9paration, mais rien n\u2019est sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 sur le contenu en fruit, ni les ajouts d\u2019eau, de jus d\u2019autres fruits ou de colorants, par exemple.<\/p>\n

Sabine Rauzier, pour Vergers de Loz\u00e8re, le 30 avril 2021<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tR\u00e9f\u00e9rences\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le marron, fruit du marronnier, une capsule<\/a>\u00a0–\u00a0UFR des Sciences de la Vie – Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie – Sorbonne Universit\u00e9.<\/p>

La ch\u00e2taigne, un ak\u00e8ne<\/a> –\u00a0UFR des Sciences de la Vie – Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie – Sorbonne Universit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>

Article \u00ab\u00a0Que choisir ?\u00a0\u00bb – Marron, ch\u00e2taigne ou marron d\u2019Inde –\u00a0Gare aux confusions\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La langue fran\u00e7aise est surprenante, les mots qui la composent d\u00e9signent souvent plusieurs choses, parfois fort \u00e9loign\u00e9es les unes des autres.\u00a0C\u2019est ce qui fait tout son charme ! Premi\u00e8re confusion, entre le Ch\u00e2taignier commun (Castanea sativa) et le Marronnier d\u2019Inde (Aesculus hippocastanum). Les fruits de ces deux arbres distincts peuvent porter le nom de marron, mais ils n’appartiennent pas \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,34,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-botanique","category-glossaire","category-determination","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3775"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3775"}],"version-history":[{"count":149,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4148,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3775\/revisions\/4148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vergersdelozere.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}